Module 2: Neurodiversity

Learning Objectives

By the end of this module, the learners are expected to be able to accomplish the following:

Define neurodiversity and the movement around it

Identify different types of neurodivergency

Express familiarity with the laws surrounding disability inclusion

Be acquainted with the current employment practices in accommodating neurodivergent job seekers

What is Neurodiversity?

Neurodiversity pertains to the variation in the human brain that affects sociability, learning, attention, mood, and other mental functions. An individual whose brain functions differently from what is considered societally typical would be referred to as neurodivergent. Neurotypical, on the other hand, would refer to someone who is not neurodivergent—or whose brain functions within typical societal standards.

Types of Neurodivergence

Neurodiversity is an umbrella term that encompasses a variety of neurocognitive differences including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, Tourette’s syndrome, and other learning disabilities.

An overview of some of these types are laid out in the table below:

Type	Characteristics
Autism Spectrum Disorder	a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech, and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviors
Tourette's Syndrome	a condition of the nervous system that is characterized by "tics"—sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that people do repeatedly and involuntarily
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)	affected regulation of attention span—some tasks may be hard to focus on, while others may be completely absorbing
Dyslexia	trouble understanding written words
Dyscalculia	difficulty solving math problems and grasping concepts
Dysgraphia	difficulty forming letters or writing within a defined space
Auditory and Visual Processing Disorder	difficulty understanding language despite normal hearing and vision

This is by no means an exhaustive list and does not fully capture the intricacies of each type. It's important to note as well that each neurodivergent person is unique in their own personality, skills, and temperament. For more information, check out the directed links per type and our Further Resources.

The Neurodiversity Movement

As a movement, it aims to put forward the view that brain differences are not flaws—instead, it is a facet of people as naturally diverse learners. This emphasizes that the goal isn't to "cure" neurodivergent people but to embrace them as part of the mainstream. This means providing them the support they need to participate in mainstream society—such as providing them equal employment opportunities.